The history of olive oil is thousands of years old, with roots in the Eastern Mediterranean dating back over 6,000 years. Initially, the oil was used as an ointment, medicine, and fuel for lamps. The Greeks and Romans played a key role in its spread and commercialization, improving cultivation and production techniques. In the Middle Ages, cultivation survived thanks to religious orders, and later, with the Renaissance, olive oil became a prized product. Today, it is a fundamental element of the Mediterranean diet, prized for its nutritional and culinary properties.
History
- Origins: The first evidence of olive oil production dates back to 4000 BC in Armenia, Palestine, and India.
- Diffusion: The Greeks and Romans helped spread olive cultivation and oil production throughout the Mediterranean.
- Middle Ages: Olive cultivation survived thanks to monasteries and religious orders.
- Renaissance: Olive oil flourished, becoming a prized product.
- Modern Age: Olive oil spread throughout the world, thanks in part to the immigration of Italians and Greeks, especially to America.
- 21st Century: Olive oil has been reevaluated and appreciated as a key element of the Mediterranean diet.
Interesting Fact: The oldest olive tree in the world, estimated to be over 3,000 years old, is found in Palestine.
Olive oil was used in ancient times for various purposes, such as ointment, fuel, medicine, and even in religious rites.
Olive oil plays an important role in the Mediterranean diet, recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Olive oil is the juice extracted from olives, the fruit of the olive tree, through mechanical and physical processes. Extra virgin olive oil, in particular, is obtained from high-quality olives and through mechanical cold extraction, maintaining its organoleptic characteristics intact. This type of oil is rich in beneficial substances such as monounsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamin E, which have antioxidant and health-protective properties.
Olive Oil Classification
- Extra virgin olive oil: Obtained from top-quality olives, with a free acidity of no more than 0.8 grams per 100 grams.
- Virgin olive oil: Obtained from lower-quality olives, with a free acidity that can reach up to 2 grams per 100 grams.
- Olive oil (lampante): Lower-quality oil, not suitable for direct consumption and used primarily for other purposes.
- Refined olive oil: Obtained by refining virgin oil, with less intense organoleptic characteristics.
- Olive oil: A blend of extra virgin or virgin oil with refined oil.
Properties and benefits of extra virgin olive oil
- Rich in monounsaturated fatty acids: They help control blood cholesterol levels.
- Rich in polyphenols: They have antioxidant properties and protect the body from aging.
- Rich in vitamin E: Protects the body's cells from oxidative damage.
Suitable for cooking: It has a high smoke point (210°C for extra virgin olive oil), making it suitable for frying. A symbol of the Mediterranean diet: A fundamental food for a healthy and balanced diet.
Storing olive oil:
- Store in dark glass bottles or tins, away from light and heat.
- If the container is intact and well-sealed, the oil will keep for about 18 months.
- Once opened, it is best to consume it within a year.